The emergency medical services are often the first on the scene of hazardous materials emergencies, especially when there have been reports of injuries. This program is designed specifically for EMS personnel and the unique challenges they face. The program stresses the importance of recognizing the hazardous materials incident, especially when it masquerades as a "routine" run, and acting appropriately. Hazard analysis, hot zone determination and isolation are critical to a safe response. The Defensive operations unique to the EMS profession such as emergency patient decontamination and use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) is covered.